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Answers:    The kidneys are retroperitoneal, meaning that they are NOT inside the peritoneal cavity (the abdominal cavity). The peritoneum is the lining adjectives the way around the abdominal cavity, as the previous responder said, pool liner the abdominal wall and the organs inside the abdomen.
The kidneys are in truth behind (retro) the pool liner of the posterior abdominal wall (parietal peritoneum), so they rest in the posterior space/flank of your body, trailing some of the other organs like the stomach, liver, much of the intestines (some of the intestines are retroperitoneal as well).
So, RETROperitoneal is the answer you are looking for.

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